Compactor garbage trucks have the advantages of large loading capacity, good sealing performance and labor saving. Compressing garbage before transportation solves this big problem. So How does a garbage truck compactor work?
1. The filling process of compactor garbage truck
The filling process of the compactor garbage truck is shown as below.
Step ① is the starting position. When the filling hopper is full of garbage, the scraper is opened and ready to insert loose garbage.
Step ② After installing a compactor garbage truck, the skateboard drives the scraper to move down together, and inserts it into the garbage for crushing and first compression.
Step ③The scraper of the rear-mounted compactor garbage truck rotates forward to further compact the garbage.
Step ④ After the scraper of the post-loading compactor garbage truck is in place, move up with the skateboard to compactly load the garbage into the garbage bin and return to the starting position. In the process of continuous pressing and filling of garbage, the dozer gradually retreats under the action of squeezing force to overcome the back pressure, so that the garbage can evenly fill the entire garbage bin.
2. Compactor garbage truck garbage transfer and unloading
After the compactor garbage truck is filled with garbage, the garbage bin is completely closed, and it will not pollute the environment during the transfer. When the garbage truck unloads the garbage in the disposal (or landfill) field, it first raises the filler to open the rear end of the garbage can, and the push shovel originally parked at the front of the garbage can moves backward to push out the garbage in the garbage can. The garbage unloading is shown in step ⑦ in the above picture.
3. Structural characteristics of compactor garbage truck
The trash bin and filler of the compactor garbage truck are all welded structures of high-quality carbon steel plates, and the trash bin adopts an arc-shaped section. The inside of the trash can is equipped with a folding dozer. The dozer is driven by the dozer cylinder and can slide along the guide rails on both sides of the bottom of the trash can. The dozer can not only discharge the trash but also close the front of the trash can.
There are sliding plates and scrapers in the filler which are respectively driven by a sliding cylinder and a scraper cylinder. The sliding plates move in the sliding grooves on both sides of the filler, and the scrapers move around the hinge shaft of the sliding plate. A lifting cylinder and a locking mechanism are installed between the trash can and the filler.
The lifting cylinder drives the filler to be raised and lowered, and the locking mechanism locks the filler on the trash can. The bucket turning mechanism at the rear of the vehicle realizes the turning of the garbage can, dumping and returning the garbage through the oil cylinder. The hydraulic system of the compactor garbage truck uses a combined control valve group, the oil pipes are arranged neatly and beautifully, and the layout is very reasonable.
4. Working principle of the hydraulic system of the compactor garbage truck
The hydraulic system of the compactor garbage truck is an open system, which is supplied by a gear pump. The power of the gear pump comes from: engine-transmission-power take-off. The power take-off box adopts pneumatic clutch, which can be completed by operating the electric control knob switch in the cab.
Coarse and fine oil filters are installed at the oil outlet and oil return ports of the oil tank to keep the working oil supplied to the hydraulic system clean. The high-pressure oil provided by the oil pump enters the multi-way reversing valve to operate the multi-way valve, and the high-pressure oil is distributed to the corresponding oil circuit to complete the corresponding mechanism operation.
Through PLC or buttons, the solenoid valve is controlled according to the operating procedure, and the multi-way valve is operated by the air cylinder to complete the garbage pressure filling cycle or push and unload or dump the garbage in the garbage can (bucket). An overflow valve (safety valve) is provided in the multi-way valve to prevent system overload. When the spool of the multi-way reversing valve is in the neutral position, the system is in an unloading state.
The auxiliary valve of each oil port of the multi-way valve plays the role of corresponding load limiting or oil supplement. The setting pressure of the dozer valve makes the skateboard cylinder reach a certain operating pressure, and the dozer cylinder can retract after compressing the garbage. A balance valve is installed on the oil cylinder in the lifting oil circuit to make the filler fall smoothly and stay in any position for a long time, and to ensure that the filler will not suddenly fall when the hose of the lifting cylinder is broken, and it is safer to use.
